Tumour (ट्यूमर) - Complete Medical Guide
Introduction / परिचय
Tumour is an abnormal growth of body tissues. शरीर की कोशिकाओं का असामान्य वृद्धि को ट्यूमर कहते हैं। Tumours can be benign (सौम्य) or malignant (घातक), affecting any part of the body.
Tumour can interfere with normal body functions. Early detection and treatment improve survival.
Types of Tumour / ट्यूमर के प्रकार
1. Benign Tumours (सौम्य ट्यूमर)
Benign tumours grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually treated by surgical removal.
2. Malignant Tumours (घातक ट्यूमर)
Malignant tumours spread rapidly and can invade surrounding tissues. Common types: carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia.
3. Metastatic Tumours (मेटास्टेटिक ट्यूमर)
These tumours move from the primary site to distant organs. Early detection can limit metastasis.
4. Rare Tumours (दुर्लभ ट्यूमर)
Rare tumours include germ cell tumours, neuroendocrine tumours, and others. They require specialized treatment.
Causes & Risk Factors / कारण और जोखिम कारक
Tumour develops due to genetic mutations in cells. Major risk factors include:
- Genetics / पारिवारिक कारण
- Exposure to carcinogens (smoking, pollution) / हानिकारक पदार्थ
- Radiation / विकिरण
- Infections (HPV, Hepatitis) / संक्रमण
- Unhealthy lifestyle (diet, obesity) / जीवनशैली
Symptoms / लक्षण
Tumours can cause various symptoms depending on type and location:
- Unusual lumps or swelling / असामान्य गाँठ या सूजन
- Persistent pain / लगातार दर्द
- Weight loss / वजन घटना
- Fatigue / थकान
- Skin changes / त्वचा में बदलाव
- Fever / बुखार
Diagnosis / निदान
Tumour is diagnosed through:
- Physical examination / शारीरिक परीक्षा
- Imaging tests (X-ray, CT scan, MRI) / इमेजिंग परीक्षण
- Biopsy / बायोप्सी
- Blood tests / रक्त परीक्षण
Treatment Options / उपचार विकल्प
- Surgery - Tumour removal / ट्यूमर निकालना
- Radiation therapy - Destroy cancer cells / कैंसर कोशिकाओं को नष्ट करना
- Chemotherapy - Drugs to kill cancer cells / कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मारने वाली दवाएँ
- Immunotherapy - Boost immune system / प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करना
Pathology Tests / पैथोलॉजी टेस्ट
Tumour diagnosis ke liye kai tests kiye jaate hain jo cancer ya abnormal growth confirm karte hain. Common tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Blood cells ka analysis
- Biopsy - Tissue sample ka examination
- Imaging Tests - CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound
- Tumor Marker Tests - Blood/urine me specific proteins ka detection
- Histopathology - Tissue structure aur cell abnormality ka study
Medicines / दवाएँ
Tumour treatment me kai medicines use hoti hain, jo tumour type aur stage par depend karti hain. Common categories:
- Chemotherapy Drugs - Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Paclitaxel
- Targeted Therapy - Imatinib, drugs attacking cancer cells
- Immunotherapy - Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab
- Supportive Medications - Painkillers, Anti-nausea, Steroids
Prevention / रोकथाम
- Avoid smoking and alcohol / धूम्रपान और शराब से बचें
- Healthy diet rich in fruits & vegetables / संतुलित आहार
- Regular exercise / नियमित व्यायाम
- Avoid excessive sun exposure / अत्यधिक धूप से बचें
- Vaccinations for HPV, Hepatitis B / टीकाकरण
- Regular health checkups / नियमित स्वास्थ्य जांच
Prognosis & Survival / पूर्वानुमान और जीवित रहने की संभावना
Prognosis depends on tumour type, stage, age, and overall health. Early detection improves survival significantly.
Conclusion / निष्कर्ष
Tumours are complex medical conditions. Awareness, early detection, proper treatment, and regular follow-ups save lives.
